8 Low-Cost Ways To Improve Indoor Air Quality

Want cleaner air at home without spending a fortune? Here are 8 simple, affordable ways to improve indoor air quality:

1. Open Windows and Doors: Let fresh air in for better ventilation. Even 5–15 minutes daily can help.
2. DIY Air Purifier: Build a Corsi-Rosenthal Box for about $65 to filter 97% of airborne pollutants.
3. Add Houseplants: Use plants like peace lilies or snake plants to naturally reduce toxins in the air.
4. Use Baking Soda: Neutralize odors by placing it in key areas or sprinkling it on carpets.
5. Try Activated Charcoal: Trap odors and VOCs with charcoal sachets or containers.
6. Control Humidity: Keep levels between 30–50% to prevent mold and allergens.
7. Replace HVAC Filters: Change filters every 1–3 months for cleaner air and better system efficiency.
8. Install UV-C Lights: Add lights to your HVAC system to kill bacteria, viruses, and mold.

Quick Tip: Simple steps like opening windows or using baking soda can make a big difference. For persistent issues, consider DIY purifiers or UV-C lights.

Method	Cost Range	Key Benefit
Open Windows & Doors	Free	Improves airflow and reduces odors
DIY Air Purifier	$65 upfront	Removes 97% of airborne pollutants
Houseplants	$10–$20 each	Natural toxin reduction
Baking Soda	$1–$2 per box	Neutralizes odors
Activated Charcoal	$10–$30	Absorbs VOCs and odors
Humidity Control	$10–$200	Prevents mold and allergens
HVAC Filter Replacement	$5–$40	Cleaner air and better efficiency
UV-C Lights	$200–$1,000	Kills bacteria and viruses

Start small with free or low-cost options, and scale up with tools like air purifiers or UV-C lights for lasting results.

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1. Open Windows and Doors for Better Airflow

One of the easiest and most cost-effective ways to improve indoor air quality is to simply open your windows and doors. This natural method allows fresh outdoor air to flow in, diluting indoor pollutants and replacing stale, recirculated air.

Why It’s Budget-Friendly

Opening windows and doors doesn’t cost a thing. There are no ongoing expenses or special equipment required - just a little attention to weather and air quality conditions.

How It Works and When to Do It

Letting in fresh air can significantly reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants by increasing ventilation. To maximize airflow, open windows on opposite sides of a room to create cross-ventilation. This setup enhances circulation and helps flush out airborne contaminants.

Even short periods of ventilation can make a noticeable difference. Dr. Heather Viola, a primary care physician at Mount Sinai Doctors-Ansonia, explains, "By opening one for as little as 5 minutes a day in winter, you can improve the air quality of your home by letting out stale air and decreasing the concentration of indoor air pollutants". When possible, extend this to 15–20 minutes for even better results.

Timing matters. Early mornings or evenings are ideal for ventilation since outdoor temperatures and humidity levels are often lower during these times. Open windows on opposite sides of your home to create a refreshing cross breeze, and close them before the day heats up to retain cooler air indoors. However, avoid ventilating when outdoor air quality is poor due to factors like smoke, industrial emissions, or high Air Quality Index (AQI) levels. If you live near heavy traffic or industrial areas, check local air quality reports before opening your windows.

Next, we’ll look at some creative DIY solutions to further enhance the air quality in your home.

2. Build a DIY Air Purifier with a Corsi-Rosenthal Box

If you're looking for a budget-friendly way to improve indoor air quality, building your own air purifier might be the perfect solution. The Corsi-Rosenthal Box is a simple yet highly effective DIY air purifier that costs a fraction of what commercial units do but delivers impressive results.

Affordable and Accessible

For about $65, you can create your own unit using common materials: four 2-inch MERV 13 filters, a 20-inch box fan, duct tape, and a piece of cardboard. That’s roughly a quarter of the price of a high-quality HEPA air purifier. These components are widely available and much cheaper than their commercial counterparts.

Proven Effectiveness

Despite its low cost, this DIY purifier doesn’t skimp on performance. When properly assembled, it can achieve airflow rates of up to 850 CFM, effectively filtering out airborne pollutants.

The numbers speak for themselves: in July 2023, the U.S. EPA tested a Corsi-Rosenthal Box built by researchers at UConn. It removed 97% of infectious aerosols in just 30 minutes and 99.4% within an hour. Another study from Brown University showed these boxes reduced PFAS levels in rooms by 40–60% and phthalate concentrations by 30–60%.

Quick and Easy to Assemble

You don’t need any special skills to put one together - it takes just 10–15 minutes. Here’s how it’s done:

• Align the four filters so their airflow arrows point inward.
• Seal all the seams with duct tape.
• Add a cardboard base for stability.
• Place the box fan on top, ensuring it blows air outward.
• Cover any gaps with additional cardboard for better efficiency.

It’s that simple. If you can handle duct tape, you can build a Corsi-Rosenthal Box.

Low Maintenance and Long-Term Savings

Maintaining the unit is just as easy as building it. Replace the filters every 6–12 months, and if gaps appear, patch them with extra cardboard. The annual cost, including electricity and filter replacements, is estimated at about $110.88.

“The biggest mistake people make [with the Corsi-Rosenthal Box] is that they change the filters too soon”.

When it’s time for new filters, simply remove the old duct tape, swap out the filters, and reassemble. It’s a straightforward process that keeps your purifier running efficiently without breaking the bank.

3. Place Air-Cleaning Plants Around Your Home

Houseplants are a natural and cost-effective way to improve indoor air quality while also adding a touch of greenery to your living space.

Affordable Options

You don’t need to break the bank to get started. Many air-purifying plants are available at major retailers for under $20, making them an accessible choice for most households.

How They Improve Air Quality

Houseplants work as natural air filters. Through photosynthesis and transpiration, they can help reduce indoor pollutants like formaldehyde, benzene, and trichloroethylene. According to NASA's Clean Air Study, placing at least one plant per 100 square feet can make a noticeable difference, especially since indoor VOC levels are often two to five times higher than outdoor levels.

Different plants target specific toxins. For example:

• English ivy helps absorb formaldehyde.
• Peace lilies are effective against formaldehyde, benzene, and carbon monoxide.
• Snake plants release oxygen at night, making them a great choice for bedrooms.

That said, don't expect miracles. A 2019 study found you might need anywhere from 10 to 1,000 plants per 10 square feet to see significant air quality improvements. As Tijana Blanusa, Principal Horticultural Scientist for the Royal Horticultural Society, points out:

"You need an awful lot of plants in very well-lit space to make any measurable impact on the removal of VOCs and many other gases."

Easy to Start

Adding air-cleaning plants to your home is simple. Just consider your available space and lighting conditions when choosing plants. Besides purifying the air, they also convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, increase humidity, and contribute to a healthier indoor environment.

Low Maintenance

Taking care of these plants doesn’t require much effort. Most need watering every one to two weeks and occasional fertilization during the growing season. Removing dead leaves and keeping them clean ensures they stay healthy and effective at improving air quality.

4. Use Baking Soda to Reduce Chemical Odors

Baking soda is a simple and budget-friendly way to tackle chemical odors in your home. Unlike many commercial air fresheners that only cover up smells, baking soda works by neutralizing odor particles at their core.

This common household staple not only improves air quality but does so without the need for costly systems or products. It’s a natural, effective, and affordable option for keeping your home fresh.

Affordable and Accessible

Baking soda costs just $1 to $2 per box at most grocery stores, making it an option that fits nearly any budget. Compared to pricey air purification systems or specialized odor removers, it’s a no-brainer for anyone looking for an inexpensive solution.

How It Works to Improve Air Quality

Baking soda’s alkaline properties are key to its odor-neutralizing power. Many unpleasant smells stem from acidic compounds, and when baking soda interacts with these, it neutralizes them. Audrey Pariés from Aspen Clean explains:

"Many unwanted smells are the result of acidic compounds... Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is an alkaline substance, and when it comes into contact with acidic odors, it reacts to neutralize them."

The results speak for themselves. A 2015 study showed that placing baking soda in waste bins can cut garbage odors by up to 70%. With a pH level of 9, it’s particularly effective against the acidic chemical odors that often linger in indoor spaces.

Additionally, baking soda is a non-toxic alternative to store-bought air fresheners, which may contain harmful chemicals. Kathy Cohoon from Two Maids highlights its versatility:

"It is a great cleaning aid especially when you want to avoid fragrances or added chemicals... It's also customizable as you can add a few drops of your favorite essential oil to boost the scent of baking soda without causing damage."

Easy to Use

Using baking soda to combat odors couldn’t be simpler. Here are a few practical ways to use it:

• Place open containers of baking soda in areas prone to odors, like kitchens, bathrooms, or near cleaning supplies.
• For carpets and upholstery, sprinkle baking soda directly on the surface, let it sit for 15-30 minutes, and then vacuum it up.
• Mix it with water to create a spray for targeted odor removal. Adding a few drops of essential oil can give it a pleasant scent.

Arie Van Tuijl, founder of Home Inspector Secrets, also suggests another clever use:

"There isn't any harm in placing baking soda on a dish or in a box in your air vent, and it can definitely reduce smells."

Maintenance Tips and Long-Term Costs

While baking soda is highly effective, its odor-absorbing power diminishes over time as it becomes saturated. To keep it working at its best, transfer it to a shallow container for faster absorption and replace it every 1–3 months.

Even with regular replacement, the annual cost is minimal, making baking soda a low-cost way to maintain fresh air in your home all year long.

5. Set Out Activated Charcoal to Remove Odors

Activated charcoal is a natural and efficient way to tackle indoor odors, thanks to its ability to trap odor molecules through a process called adsorption. This makes it especially effective at dealing with VOCs, cooking smells, pet odors, and even harmful gases.

Cost-Effective Solution

You can easily find activated charcoal in small sachets or containers at home improvement stores or online. For an even more budget-friendly option, consider buying it in bulk. Remarkably, just 2 grams of activated charcoal can provide a surface area as large as a football field.

How It Improves Air Quality

Activated charcoal is highly porous, with each gram offering up to 2,000 square meters of surface area to trap odors. Nadine Walder of Stadler Form highlights its benefits:

"Activated carbon is a simple, natural and versatile solution for getting rid of unpleasant odours. Air purifiers with activated carbon filters offer an effective way to improve the air quality at home and ensure fresh, pleasant air."

In fact, activated charcoal bags are up to 15 times more effective at reducing odors compared to standard filters. This makes it a great addition to other low-cost methods for improving indoor air.

Simple to Use

Using activated charcoal is as easy as placing sachets or open containers in areas prone to odors, such as refrigerators, closets, or near pet spaces. It also helps keep dry foods fresh by absorbing moisture and unwanted smells.

Maintenance Tips

To keep it working effectively, replace activated charcoal every six months - or every 3 to 6 months if using loose carbon, depending on exposure levels. Store unused filters in sealed packaging to maintain their effectiveness. Ed Giordano from Filter Geek offers this advice:

"A good rule of thumb is to change your activated carbon filter every six months."

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6. Keep Humidity Between 30-50%

Maintaining indoor humidity between 30% and 50% is a smart way to improve air quality and create a healthier living environment. According to recommendations from the EPA and NIOSH, this range helps limit the growth of mold, bacteria, and viruses while also reducing chemical off-gassing from household materials. It’s especially effective in controlling biological pollutants like dust mites, which can trigger allergies and asthma.

How It Helps Air Quality

Keeping humidity in check has a direct impact on air quality. When humidity levels are below 40%, the spread of viruses is reduced, and levels above 50% can encourage mold growth, which may worsen asthma symptoms. By maintaining the recommended range, you’re not only reducing the risk of airborne illnesses but also minimizing respiratory irritation.

Dr. Philip G. Chen, an Associate Professor of Otolaryngology and Rhinology at the University of Texas Health San Antonio, highlights this benefit:

"Some people feel relief breathing warm, humid air when they have an upper respiratory tract infection, cold, or sinus infection."

This approach is particularly helpful for individuals with asthma or allergies, as it reduces the chance of respiratory infections and other irritants.

Budget-Friendly Solutions

Managing your home’s humidity doesn’t have to break the bank. A basic hygrometer, which measures moisture levels, can cost as little as $10 to $20. If you want more precision, digital models like the ThermoPro TP53 or TP55 are available for around $15. For those who want to monitor multiple rooms, a 2-pack model costs about $22. If you’re looking for advanced options, smart thermostats with built-in humidity sensors are priced between $50 and $200.

Easy Ways to Get Started

Controlling humidity is simpler than you might think. Start with a quick test: place ice in a glass of water and check for condensation on the outside. Signs like window condensation, musty smells, or even static electricity can also indicate humidity issues.

Here are some practical tips to naturally adjust humidity levels:

• Use exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms.
• Ventilate rooms regularly.
• Cover pots while cooking.
• Clean up spills promptly.
• Add houseplants to regulate moisture.
• Place a dish of water near heating vents.
• Air-dry clothes indoors.

Dr. Steve Daveluy also emphasizes the importance of humidifiers during the dry winter months:

"We regularly recommend humidifier use in the dry winter months."

Long-Term Benefits and Maintenance

Maintaining optimal humidity goes beyond comfort - it can save you money. Balanced humidity allows you to lower your thermostat in winter and raise it in summer, cutting down on energy costs. Plus, it protects wooden floors, furniture, and structural elements from damage, saving you from expensive repairs. In fact, studies show that poor indoor air quality can increase energy use by up to 30%. By pairing humidity control with regular HVAC maintenance, you can achieve a healthier home while keeping costs down.

Humidity Level	Effects	Action Needed
Below 30%	Dry skin, respiratory irritation, and potential wood damage	Add moisture using a humidifier or natural methods
30–50% (Optimal)	Comfortable environment, reduced allergens, and home protection	Maintain current levels
Above 50%	Mold growth, worsened allergies, and structural damage	Reduce moisture with ventilation or a dehumidifier

If you’re looking for expert advice on managing indoor humidity and improving air quality, professional help is just a call away. Check out West Florida Air Conditioning & Heating Inc. for reliable HVAC solutions and guidance tailored to your needs.

7. Change HVAC Filters and Clean Vents Regularly

Keeping your HVAC filters and vents in good condition is one of the simplest ways to improve indoor air quality and keep energy bills under control. Clean filters and vents not only help you breathe easier but also make your heating and cooling system run more efficiently.

Affordability

Replacing HVAC filters doesn’t have to break the bank. Take MERV 8 filters, for example - they cost between $5 and $20 and can trap over 70% of particles like dust, pollen, pet dander, mold spores, and lint (3–10 microns in size). If you’re looking for more filtration, MERV 11 filters range from $15 to $30, while MERV 13 filters cost $20 to $40. For most homes, MERV 8 filters hit the sweet spot between performance and price.

Basic fiberglass filters are the cheapest option but need to be replaced every 30 days and only block larger particles. On the other hand, pleated filters cost more upfront but last longer and do a much better job of improving air quality.

Effectiveness in Improving Air Quality

Swapping out a clogged filter for a clean one can make a noticeable difference. In fact, replacing a dirty HVAC filter can improve system efficiency by 5–15%, which means cleaner air and lower energy bills.

"HVAC filters should be replaced when they are dirty." – Anne Fonda, Content Writer, Trane Technologies

Here’s an easy tip: hold your filter up to a light source. If little to no light passes through, it’s time for a replacement. A dirty filter will often look gray instead of its original bright white color.

Your vents also play a big role. Over time, dust, pollen, and even mold can build up in your ducts and vents, reducing air quality. Cleaning your vents regularly removes these pollutants, preventing them from circulating back into your home.

Ease of Implementation

The good news? Maintaining HVAC filters and vents is a simple task that doesn’t require special tools or expertise. Start by checking your air filter monthly to see how quickly it gets dirty in your home.

• Replace fiberglass filters every 30 days.
• Upgrade to pleated filters, which last up to 90 days - or more frequently if you have pets, allergies, or live in a high-pollution area.

For vents, focus on cleaning visible dust and debris from registers and grilles. A vacuum with a brush attachment works well for most surfaces, and wiping vent covers with a damp cloth adds an extra layer of cleanliness. These basic steps can work alongside other air quality improvements to keep your HVAC system running smoothly.

Maintenance and Long-Term Costs

Taking care of your HVAC system not only enhances air quality but also saves money by improving efficiency. Regular filter replacements can lead to noticeable savings over time. Plus, consistent maintenance minimizes wear and tear, preventing unnecessary energy expenses.

Here’s a helpful insight from Consumer Reports:

"We find that thicker filters have two big advantages: They filter particles out of the air better and require replacement less often." – Misha Kollontai, Oversees CR's air filter testing

For better filtration and longevity, consider 4-inch pleated filters. While they cost more upfront, they can last anywhere from 6 months to a year, offering better performance compared to standard fiberglass or 1-inch pleated filters.

Professional duct cleaning is another option, but it’s only necessary in specific cases - like when you notice visible mold, excessive dust buildup, or persistent odors. According to the National Air Duct Cleaners Association:

"Professional air duct cleaning, guided by ACR, The NADCA Standard, is integral to maintaining excellent indoor air quality and ensuring the health and comfort of building occupants."

For expert HVAC maintenance and comprehensive air quality solutions, West Florida Air Conditioning & Heating Inc. offers services in Pasco, Pinellas, and Hernando counties.

Filter Type	Cost Range	Replacement Frequency	Best For
MERV 8 Pleated	$5–$20	Every 90 days	Most homes; good balance of cost and performance
MERV 11	$15–$30	Every 90 days	Homes with mild allergies
MERV 13	$20–$40	Every 90 days	Severe allergies; better respiratory protection
Basic Fiberglass	Under $5	Every 30 days	Budget-friendly; minimal filtration

8. Install UV-C Lights in Your HVAC System

After keeping up with regular filter and vent maintenance, adding UV-C lights to your HVAC system can provide an extra layer of defense against airborne pathogens.

These lights enhance indoor air quality by neutralizing harmful microorganisms. As air moves through the system, UV-C lights disrupt the DNA of bacteria, viruses, and mold spores, stopping them from reproducing and spreading.

Cost Overview

Installing UV-C lights is relatively affordable, with total costs ranging from $200 to $1,000, including professional installation. Here's a breakdown:

• Coil-sanitizing lights: These cost $60–$300, with installation fees between $100 and $225. They are designed to prevent microbial growth on the evaporator coil and run continuously during the cooling season.
• Air-sanitizing lights: Priced at $80–$400, with installation fees of $150–$295, these lights are installed directly in the ductwork and provide broader air treatment.

Operating costs are minimal - just about 7 cents per day to run a UV-C lamp. Considering the health benefits and improved HVAC efficiency, this is a cost-effective upgrade for many homeowners.

How UV-C Lights Improve Air Quality

UV-C lights are highly effective at eliminating airborne threats. They deactivate over 99% of viruses like influenza. Research also shows these systems reduce airborne bacteria and fungal bioaerosols by more than 90%. Unlike traditional air filters that trap particles, UV-C lights disinfect the air in real time as it passes through the system. They also help minimize volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are often responsible for unpleasant odors, making them a great complement to filtration systems.

Installation Process

For best results, professional installation is recommended. The process typically involves placing the UV-C light unit near the evaporator coil or within the ductwork, depending on the type of light you choose:

• Coil-sanitizing lights: Easier to install since they are mounted directly beside the AC coil.
• Air-sanitizing lights: Require access to ductwork but provide more extensive air treatment.

The installation can usually be completed within a few hours.

Maintenance and Long-Term Costs

Keeping UV-C lights effective requires simple but regular maintenance. The main task is replacing the bulb annually, as UV lamps lose their germicidal power after about 9,000 hours of use (roughly one year). Replacement bulbs typically cost between $50 and $150, depending on their wattage and features. Coil-sanitizing bulbs might last up to two years since they face less airflow exposure.

Other maintenance tips include cleaning the bulbs every 3–4 months (after turning off the power) to remove dust buildup. Avoid touching the bulbs directly, as oils from your hands can reduce UV output and cause uneven heating. With proper care, UV-C lights can work alongside your existing filtration system to significantly improve indoor air quality.

For homeowners in Pasco, Pinellas, and Hernando counties, West Florida Air Conditioning & Heating Inc. offers professional UV light installation and reliable HVAC services.

UV Light Type	Unit Cost	Installation Cost	Replacement Bulb	Best For
Coil-Sanitizing	$60–$300	$100–$225	$10–$60	Preventing mold on AC coils; budget-friendly
Air-Sanitizing	$80–$400	$150–$295	$15–$125	Comprehensive airborne pathogen elimination

Conclusion

Improving the air quality in your home doesn’t have to break the bank. The eight methods we’ve discussed prove that even small, budget-friendly steps can make a big difference for your long-term health. Whether it’s something as simple as opening windows for 10 minutes a day or investing in upgrades like UV-C lights for your HVAC system, every effort contributes to cleaner, healthier air.

"We all breathe continuously. We should be breathing good quality air." – Catherine Noakes, Professor of Environmental Engineering for Buildings at the University of Leeds

This quote serves as a powerful reminder, especially since indoor air pollution levels are often much higher than those outdoors. Taking steps to improve indoor air quality is essential for your family’s well-being.

Start with easy, no-cost actions like regularly airing out your home and incorporating houseplants. Keeping humidity levels between 30% and 50% and switching to natural cleaning products can also create a healthier indoor environment. For more targeted solutions, try DIY air purifiers or use activated charcoal and baking soda to combat odors. Regular HVAC maintenance, such as changing filters every 1–3 months, ensures your system is running efficiently and circulating clean air.

For homes with persistent issues like odors, dust, or mold, advanced options like UV-C light installations can help eliminate airborne contaminants, offering an extra layer of protection for your family’s health.

By combining these strategies, homeowners can achieve cleaner indoor air without stretching their budgets. If you live in Pasco, Pinellas, or Hernando counties, West Florida Air Conditioning & Heating Inc. provides professional indoor air quality services, including UV light installations, air purification systems, and thorough HVAC maintenance. Their veteran-owned team is ready to help create a healthier home environment.

From simple ventilation to professional upgrades, these eight methods provide practical ways to ensure your family breathes cleaner, safer air every day.

FAQs

Can houseplants really improve indoor air quality, and how many do I need to see results?

Houseplants can play a role in improving indoor air quality by filtering out certain pollutants like formaldehyde and benzene. However, their ability to purify air is limited. Studies suggest that achieving a meaningful impact would require an impractical number of plants - possibly hundreds per square foot. That said, having 2–5 medium-sized plants in an average room might still offer some noticeable benefits.

While they’re a lovely addition to any space, houseplants work best as part of a larger plan for better air quality. Pair them with regular cleaning, good ventilation, and air filters to create a healthier indoor environment. Think of them as a small but helpful piece of the puzzle, not the entire solution.

What are the benefits of using a DIY air purifier like the Corsi-Rosenthal Box instead of a commercial air purifier?

DIY air purifiers, such as the Corsi-Rosenthal Box, come with some standout benefits compared to their commercial counterparts. For starters, they are incredibly budget-friendly. With materials generally costing under $65, they offer an accessible option for households, schools, or anyone looking to save money without compromising on air quality.

Another big plus is their simple assembly process. These purifiers can be built using everyday materials that are easy to find, which is especially handy during supply chain issues or in emergency situations. Despite their straightforward design, research has shown that DIY air purifiers can perform on par with many commercial models, effectively filtering out indoor pollutants like smoke, allergens, and airborne particles.

If you're aiming to improve your indoor air quality without spending a fortune, a DIY solution like the Corsi-Rosenthal Box is both practical and effective.

How can I improve indoor air quality year-round, even with changing seasons and outdoor conditions?

Seasonal Tips for Better Indoor Air Quality

Keeping your indoor air fresh and healthy requires a little seasonal know-how. Here’s how you can adjust your approach throughout the year:

• Spring and Summer: During peak pollen times, keep windows and doors shut to limit allergens from sneaking in. Switch your air conditioner to recirculation mode to keep outdoor irritants at bay.
• Winter: Combat the dryness of winter air with a humidifier. It helps prevent that uncomfortable dryness that can irritate your nose and throat.

Another key step? Regularly replace your HVAC system’s air filters. If you want to take it up a notch, consider upgrading to HEPA filters - they’re great at trapping more pollutants and keeping your air cleaner.

These simple adjustments can make a big difference in maintaining a comfortable and healthy home environment year-round.